![]() ![]() Spain became a major center of learning in this period, with Islamic, Jewish, and Christian scholars working together to translate texts.įigurative imagery is banned in Islamic religious art, so new forms of patterning were developed. The Islamic forces were the ones that preserved and expanded Greco-Roman learning, and were ultimately responsible for reintroducing a number of ancient texts back into Europe. After the death of the prophet Muhammad in 632, the new religion of Islam spread quickly throughout the Middle East and North Africa, with the Iberian Peninsula conquered by Islamic forces in 711. Europe becomes fractured, with a number of groups fighting for control of territory, and the political system sliding into feudalism. 400-c.1000 in the West is often seen as one of decline because of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. 687-691 (photo by Andrew Shiva, via Wikimedia Commons) It does not store any personal data.Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, c. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ![]() The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Hall, Joanne Kirton, Jenifer Ní Ghrádaigh, Clíodhna O'Leary, Howard Williams. Howard Williams is Professor of Archaeology, University of Chester Joanne Kirton is Project Manager, Big Heritage, Chester Meggen Gondek is Reader in Archaeology, University of Chester.Ĭontributors: Ing-Marie Back Danielsson, Iris Crouwers, Meggen Gondek, Mark A. An extensive introduction and eight chapters span the disciplines of history, art-history and archaeology, exploring how shaping stone in turn shaped and re-shaped early medieval societies. Building on recent theoretical trends in archaeology and material culture studies in particular, it uses the themes of materiality, biography and landscape to reveal how carved stones created senses of identity and history for early medieval communities and kingdom. This book, investigating stone monuments from Ireland, Britain and Scandinavia (including the important memorials at Iniscealtra, County Clare), advocates three relatively new, distinctive and interconnected approaches to the lithicheritage of the early Middle Ages. ![]() Often fragmented and without context, early medieval inscribed and sculpted stone monuments of the fifth to eleventh centuries AD have been mainly studied via their shape, their decoration and the texts a fraction of them bear. ![]() New insights into inscribed and stone monuments from across Europe in the early middle ages. ![]()
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